General Principles
Define the purpose of DTDs in relation to XML documents as a limited and simple way to define the structure of a document.
Be comfortable with DTD terminology: element, attribute, entity, etc.
Realise that like XML, which is based on SGML, XML DTDs are based on SGML DTDs.
Know how to put comments in an XML DTD.
Not covered:
- SGML DTDs, when they differ from XML DTDs (no other knowledge of SGML is required)
DOCTYPE definition
Define a DTD for an XML document:
- using an internal DOCTYPE declaration
- using only the subset of DTD constructs allowed in an internal declaration
- using an external DOCTYPE declaration
- with the SYSTEM identifier
- with the PUBLIC identifier
- using a text declaration (<?xml encoding="..." ?>)
- using a mixed DOCTYPE declaration (part internal, part external)
- with references from one to the other as allowed by the specification
- applying the precedence rules
Elements
Describe the syntax for defining the root element of a document.
Use <!ELEMENT ...> to describe:
- an empty element
- an element containing text but no nested elements
- an element containing nested elements but no text
- syntax for specifying the order and number of element occurrences
- a mixed element (containing both text and nested elements)
Attributes
Define which attributes are available for an element using <!ATTLIST ...>.
Describe the following attribute types:
- an attribute with a value from a list of possible values
- a character data attribute (CDATA)
- ID attributes
- IDREF / IDREFS attributes
- NMTOKEN / NMTOKENS attributes
- ENTITY / ENTITIES attributes
Indicate the default value:
- a mandatory attribute (REQUIRED)
- an optional attribute (IMPLIED)
- an attribute with a fixed value (FIXED)
- a default value
Not covered:
- the NOTATION attribute type
Parsed Entities
Use the built-in entities to allow the characters <, >, / and & in an XML document.
Defining entities:
- internal entities
- external entities
- with the SYSTEM identifier
- with the PUBLIC identifier
Defining parameter entities:
- group attributes into a parameter entity
- include one parameter entity within another
- reference a parameter entity from a DTD
Not covered:
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