General Principles
Define the purpose of XML:
- why the standard was created
- the intended applications of XML (data exchange, structured data representation)
- limitations of XML:
- XML Syntax
- XML Usage
- Types of data that can and cannot be stored in XML
Vocabulary
Be comfortable with XML terminology:
- start tag / end tag
- element, root element, empty element
- attribute
- document, standalone document
- processing instruction
- declaration instruction
Document Structure
- Describe an XML document using declaration instructions like
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="yes" ?>
- Follow the basic rules of XML document structure:
- The declaration instruction is optional
- All documents must have a single root element
- Write processing instructions:
<?cmd arg="val" ?>
Elements
- Distinguish valid element names from invalid ones.
- Use the element syntax to define start and end tags (<test></test>).
- Use the short notation for empty elements (<myelement/>).
Attributes
- Distinguish valid attribute names from invalid ones.
- Add attributes to an element using the allowed delimiters (' as well as ").
- Realize that attributes must be unique within an element, and that they are unordered.
Well-Formedness
Explain the meaning and purpose of each concept:
- Well-formedness is mandatory (if a document is not well-formed, it is not an XML document)
- Elements must be properly nested (not crossed: <a><b></a></b>)
- Proper usage of whitespace
Text
- Combine markup, text and whitespace within an XML document
- Classify XML content as
- Markup
- Character Data (CDATA), including CDATA sections (<![CDATA[ 4+5 < 5+5 ]]>)
Namespaces
- Avoid ambiguous element names using namespaces
- Declare a namespace using xmlns
- Override the default namespace using xmlns
- Understand the notion of a qualified (element) name.
Comments
Add comments to an XML document:
- using the proper syntax
- in any valid location within the document
Entities
Explain the purpose of the built-in entities:
- < (<)
- > (>)
- & (&)
- ' (')
- " (")
Insert a unicode character using decimal or hexadecimal notation:
- Ӓ (decimal)
- ꯍ (hexadecimal)
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